Note 1:
In American
English, have
gotten is the present perfect of get (meaning to
receive).
Last week I
got two
letters.
(past tense)
This week I
have
gotten two letters. (present
perfect tense)
However, in both American and British
English, have got means the
same as have.
I
have got $50 in my
pocket right now. = I
have
$50 in my pocket right now.
Note 2:
When lie means
to be in a horizontal position, it is irregular.
(lie - lay - lain)
I lie
on the couch after dinner each evening.
I lay
on the couch when I came home yesterday.
I have lain
here on this couch for 15 minutes now.
When lie means to speak an untruth, it
is regular. (lie - lied -
lied)
He lies if he
thinks he is in trouble.
He lied
yesterday.
He has
lied more than once.
Note 3: Without an object,
shine means to give off light or to
reflect light. It is irregular. (shine - shone - shone)
The sun
shines nearly every day in
Los Angeles.
The sun
shone yesterday.
The sun has shone every day
this week.
With an object,
shine means to polish a surface. It
is regular. (shine - shined -
shined)
I shine my shoes
regularly.
I shined my shoes yesterday.
I have shined my shoes
twice this week.
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